A Web Site Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Web Site - Essay Example Once a user is logged in, he is presented an array of interests in the form of multiple pictures. Each picture contains a title word that relates to the interest that is depicted in pictorial form. Most photos contain deeply rich colors that are both appealing and relaxing to the eyes. Below this arrangement of pictures appears a bar that is indicator of the progress that a user makes while selecting the pictures to demonstrate one’s areas of interest. That background of the page is plain; a feature that ensures undivided attention of the user on the interests that are presented before him. Pinterest serves the purpose of keeping track of the interests that a user displays during his activities on the internet. User’s dashboard is divided into five columns which is an extremely clever arrangement as it allows presentation of maximum information on the display screen at any moment. However, the columns may not be scrolled up or down individually; a feature that may possibly add to convenience of use. On top of the page is a horizontal bar that provides the option to search for interests or people while using Pinterest. This bar is static / frozen and does not scroll when the user scrolls the page. The purpose is to make it readily available for use whenever the need arises. Since information in Pinterest is derived from multiple sources on the Web, no specific color scheme can be followed here. However, as the user moves around using his touchpad or mouse, three main options appear on each element of interest that is shown. These include ‘Pin It’, ‘Send’ or ‘favorite’. Since the purpose of website is to keep track of the interests of users, these options provide ease of use that is extraordinary. Overall, the site appears to be extremely dynamic; new interest related information is presented every time the page is refreshed. Additionally, Pinterest presents the source of information

The force you exert Essay Example for Free

The force you exert Essay The target of this investigation is to find out how the force you exert on pulling back a rubber band, which will in turn catapult an empty margarine tub, affect the distance which the margarine tub will travel. We will not be changing any of the other factors of the experiment, only the force and extension of the rubber band, for that is the variable which we are investigating. Prediction I predict that the more force you exert, the further the margarine tub will travel, however, I think that the force and distance relationship will not increase evenly, instead it would first increase rapidly, then the increase will be less significant, and then rise slightly. Scientific reason for prediction Rubber is not a material which obeys Hookes law and its extension doesnt increase uniformly. Some elastic materials are intended to absorb energy. The greater the force that is applied, more the rubber band is extended. The force in the rubber band is stored as potential energy which is reverted into kinetic energy once I have let go of it, this energy is transferred into the margarine tub as kinetic energy and therefore it moves. A stretched or compressed elastic band is capable of doing work when released. As the rubber band is released, the force that it exerts diminishes with distance. Equipment   Rubber band   Chair/stool   Rulers   An empty margarine tub   A newton meter that goes up to 10N Procedure   Loop the rubber band around the front legs of a chair. Place a margarine tub at the centre of it.   Place 2 metre rulers in a row from the position of the margarine tub. Hook a newton metre on to the centre of the rubber band and pull it back in accordance with the required force.   Release newton metre.   Measure and record the distance travelled by the tub.   Repeat for the other forces. Diagram Fig. 1 Front view of apparatus. Fig. 2 Side view of apparatus Fair test We made sure that it was a fair test by the following conditions: All tests were carried out on the same surface to minimise variations in friction, etc. All tests were carried out with the same rubber band; elasticity, energy storage potential, etc, may be different in various rubber bands.   Use the same margarine tub for all tests or the mass, size and shape may vary.   Always place the tub in the same position at the start of each experiment.   Make sure that the newton meter is always hooked at the centre of the rubber band to avoid directional change of the tub after catapulting.   Always newton meter around the same amount of rubber, eg, if the rubber band is looped around the stool, hook it around both lengths: 2 Table to show increase in distances From the average points, the graph shows a generally straight line of increase. As the force exerted increases, so does the distance which the margarine tub travels. On average, the increase from each previous (i. e. one less newton) experiment is 18. 77cm although there is a rather large difference in the range between experiments. The range of the largest increase and the smallest is 21. 4cm; the smallest increase being 7N to 8N, which was only 7cm and the largest was from 5N to 6N; which was 28. 4cm. However, ignoring any anomalies, you can see that the increase in differences between distances are normally larger in the second half of the experiments with the larger forces, than the in the first half with the smaller forces. One thing I noticed was the relationship between the distance travelled and the force exerted, there seemed to be a strong pattern forming; the distance of a certain force multiplied by 3 is more or less equal to the distanced travelled by the margarine tub at a force that is twice the size of the primary force. See Table 3. Force (N) Distance (cm) 1.Table. 3 The results show a strong relationship between each other, when the force doubles, the distance trebles. I also noticed that the relationship worked very well for the first few values but not so fittingly for the later half (larger forces). This fits well with the Force/Extension law of rubber; if the pattern had occurs throughout the results then it would mean the relationship between force and extension could be plotted as a straight line, but that is not the case. It was especially apparent with the largest results we had gained for each experiment; the line of best fit was a curved line. It does not fit my prediction because I had predicted that the increase of distance would get bigger for the larger forces, but then again, our range of forces wasnt exactly that large either. Rubber is a polymeric substance and does not obey Hookes law, force and extension of rubber is not a straight line and therefore the force that it exerts on the margarine tub does not increase evenly; force diminishes with distance and it remains elastic until it breaks. The energy stored as a material is deformed is represented by the area between the curve and extension axis. See Graph 2. Graph. 2 Graph showing the amount of energy stored in proportion to extension. Energy is never used up and in this case, it is transferred into the margarine tub, which in turn uses this energy to drive its movement. In the law about the conservation of momentum, the resultant force is based on the initial forces of the two bodies, so my results suggest that the more force I exert on pulling back the rubber band, the faster it recoils and therefore increasing its momentum, which in turn gives transfers it onto the stationary margarine tub. My predictions Evaluation I think that my results are reliable because I had repeated each experiment three times and had gotten more or less similar results and it is probably accurate seeing as it fits into a pattern and the results show up as a relatively straight line. Also, we did not move the rulers during the experiment nor the newton meter. There were anomalous results however, possibly caused by collision with dirt on the floor or an off centre impact with the tub; which may result in a change of direction or a different path of projection being taken. If I was to do this experiment again, I would change the following things:   The surface on which we were working; we were working in a rather crowded environment and the floor was not clean so there was lots of friction and this could have affected the results.   The release mechanism; I think that the way we released the rubber band could have been improved, rather than letting the whole newton meter go, we could just have a detachable part for the device could have dragged across the floor and lengthened time of impact. I would mark out the centre of the tub so that I got it exactly centre each time rather than just estimating. I would mark out the centre of the rubber bad so that I got it exactly centre each time rather than just estimating. In addition to this set of experiments, I would also like to measure the speed of the retraction of the elastic band and the extension of it so that I can incorporate it into some of the other rules of physics and see if it fits with my analysis. If I had those results I could introduce momentum into the analysis as well. I could also test out some larger forces to see if the pattern mentioned in Graph 1 actually applies in this case. The results I had attained did not quite show that pattern but it could have just been a small section of a bigger whole. To measure the speed of the retraction, I would measure the distance of the extension and time the lapse between release of the rubber band and the impact with the tub and divide the distance by the time. See Fig. 4. Fig. 4 Measuring extension.

Different Approaches To Psychology And Christianity Theology Religion Essay

Different Approaches To Psychology And Christianity Theology Religion Essay Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity, written by David N. Entwistle, is a thorough examination regarding the integration of psychology and theology, in which both attempt to understand human nature. Integration is described as a thing that we discover when we are uncovering the fundamental unity that God created, as well as something we do as we create ways of thinking about, combining, and applying psychological and theological truths (Entwistle, 2004, p. 19). An individuals worldview is ones life perspective, which filters their reality. Both the psychologist and the theologian bring their worldviews and presuppositions into their separate methodologies and goals. The authors theocentric model unites theology and psychology, as both have similar concepts that derive from Gods created world. In order to attain a holistic perspective of human nature, both are necessary (Entwistle, 2004). Before psychology was classified as a science, it had deep roots in philosophy and religion, though it was not successful in dealing with serious psychological disorders (Entwistle, 2004, p. 44). During this time the church leaders were deemed the spiritual physicians, caring for the souls of men. (Entwistle, 2004, pp. 44-45). The church leaders were involuntarily pushed into the back shadows with the rise of psychology, when curiosity began to embark upon the unconscious of man, moving psychology from examining the sensory systems of man to examining the mental processes of man (Entwistle, 2004, p. 49). Integration needs to recognize and discern the unity of all truth, that is that all truth is Gods truth, wherever it may be found. A comprehensive integration will involve, according to the allies paradigm, a holistic perspective on how human beings live, learn, think, feel, believe, and relate to each other and to god (Etwistle, 2004, p. 239). The book of Gods word (scripture) and the book of Gods works (creation) never conflict, but the interpretations of man may be inconsistent at times (Entwistle, 2004, p. 262). Human nature is complex and multifaceted. Psychology and theology must be integrated because human beings are integrated in themselves. It is erroneous to build truth upon just a few strands of the whole tapestry, lest we lose sight of the entire being. Integration must consist of the faith reading of both books, examining with careful exegesis and hermeneutics, and re-evaluating psychological reasoning, data and theories. We must learn to be comfortable with the fact that there will be some level of uncertainty and ambiguity we will always have to live with (Entwistle, 2004, pp. 273-274). Concrete Response My husband and I were pastoral leaders in a church where anything outside of the church was not considered ministry. We were told that God wanted us to work in full time ministry, which meant working full time with no steady pay. I didnt have any formal training in the bible nor in counseling, yet I preached and counseled. Everything was by faith, with the false belief that all knowledge and healing exclusively comes through the Spirit of the Lord. All of the teaching and counsel given stemmed from the leaders hurts and experiences. This was of no benefit to the parishioners, especially to those who had genuine mental health issues. My husband and I eventually moved away to another state. Whenever I tried to give counsel, I found that religious people either felt they did not need it, or believed I was somehow not spiritual enough. I also found that nonreligious people tended to be disinterested in hearing anything about God. Every time I opened my mouth, I seemed to find my foot in it. Five years after we left that church I enrolled in Liberty University to continue my education in psychology, still deeply struggling with my anti-psychology beliefs. I finally choose to go into professional counseling. I desired to be equipped and effective in counseling. Over the years I have come to know Christians who have had real psychological issues, but they only sought out Christian counsel. Most still have those issues today, still hiding behind religion. Reflection With the integration of theology and psychology, are we attempting to create a separate Christian psychology? If so, would this Christian psychology be less effective for those who are not Christians, or do we require conversion before they are able to partake of Gods wisdom? If so, are we withholding the very grace and graciousness of God, forgetting that fact that His sun rises on the evil as well as the good (Mat. 5:45). I also wonder if integration is realistically possible with all the various perspectives underneath the umbrella of Christian theology. Christianity has numerous opposing theories and conclusions, similar to secular psychology. I dont believe full integration will ever be possible, but I am confident that Spirit filled Christians have the power and ability to discern and act in such a way to work towards the healing and wholeness of each client. Entwistle was very constructive in stating the importance and possibility of integration (in which I disagree). He outlined various historical as well as contemporary viewpoints concerning integration, giving his opinion on which ones promote a holistic perspective. He also suggested several useful methods of integration. Although Entwistle acknowledged the metaphysical work of the Holy Spirit in integration, I was disappointed that he didnt make this a significant theme. I find it is important to integrate, yet believe that full integration may be impossible. I would have also liked to have read more about the pitfalls of being unequipped in ministry when dealing with mental health issues. Action Given that each human being is complex, counseling can be problematic. A holistic approach is the only way one can tap into the inner intricacies of man. I would plead with every Christian counselor to continuously examine their hearts. Due to the nature of our society and culture today, I would suggest they carefully consider every aspect of their client (body, soul and spirit). If not, they may do more harm than good. I am determined to work out my biases, as well as my resistance to change from anti-psychological thinking. I will continue to strive to gather all truth, which is Gods truth, from every relevant discipline. My main goal as a counselor is to be equipped and ready to pull out the most effective treatment from my relentless inner-integration. I believe every effective Christian counselor must be filled with the knowledge of Gods will in all wisdom as well as spiritual understanding (Col 1:9-17), so to bring forth instruction with zeal and fullness from his or her inner storehouse. This will ensure the impartation of both fresh wisdom and ancient wisdom (Mat 13:52 KJV; Wordstrudy). For one without the other stands deficient.

F. Scott Fitzgerald :: essays research papers

F. Scott Fitzgerald Welcome to the roaring 1920's! The Jazz Age. A period within time which the passive behaviors, beliefs, and purity of the past generations, were tossed aside to create room for the changes America was about to experience! The birth of independent voting rights for women, lavishing parties, and where excitement was to be found in every corner. This was the era in which the people were considered the "Lost Generation," and from this environment emerged a eminent writer of those times. Francis Scott Fitzgerald. Born to the calm and submissive atmosphere of St. Paul Minnesota, he came from a line of highly regarded men and women from his family's past. His most famous relative by far was Francis Scott Key. The writer of our national anthem. Though he was certainly the most famous Fitzgerald, his mother was the most eccentric. Often dressed in miss-matched shoes and had a peculiar behavior, she at one time stared at a woman whose husband was dying and said: "I'm trying to decide how you'll look in the mourning." "I helped him by encouraging his urge to write adventures. It was also his best work. He did not shine in his other subjects. It was the pride in his literary work that put him in his real bent." Recalls his St. Paul Academy teacher. From that prestigious school he then traveled and began attendance in Princeton University. Not a promising student he was often late to his classes. His excuse was once "Sir-it's absurd to expect me to be on time. I'm a genius!!!" Though the "Princeton years" we not his most memorable, it provided an outlet for his writing, and talent. During his junior year he left Princeton and entered the army in 1917. Though he was never sent to battle for his country, there he began work on the short story, The Romantic Egoist, which was published as This Side of Paradise. Though rejected it later returns as a imitated nationwide sensation. When time and America began evolving, then was his work beginning to receive its time awaited praise. The Jazz Age had arrived! By this period Fitzgerald had already found his love and married the enchanting Zelda Syre. She was an accomplished writer, ballet dancer, and painter. Though every one of these qualities were contributions to her vivid personality, her flaws were seen by many! "Her rudeness, selfishness and lack of self restraint! She abuses men terribly then cuts and breaks dates with them, yawns in their faces, and they come back for more!" recalls Fitzgerald. As the jaded, rebellious "flaming youth" of the new

A modern version of Shakespeare’s original play Essay

Baz Luhzmans â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† was produced in 1997 the film is a modern version of Shakespeare’s original play. This essay will analyse the techniques used, the effect the opening and its successes on a modern audience. The film opens in an unconventional, modern way in order to catch the attention of the audience, for example in the starting scene a T. V screen moves towards us (the audience) and at the same time it expands till it actually covers the whole screen. The effect this has on audience is into a serious and concerning mood. I was also very impressed how the director modernized the scene. I believe what the director was trying to do was to stay faithful to the Shakespeare original play, so in other words he didn’t change the scene or the play but he showed every aspect of the play in a way so that the audience could relate to this scene, for example the director uses a News caster to read out the prologue, while Shakespeare original play used a narrator to read out the prologue. The director headlines in magazines, newspapers and forecast to show key words in the prologue, for example in the News forecast they have a caption which is â€Å"Star crossed lovers†. The Characters are portrayed in an interesting and contrasting manner. For example the Montague’s are portrayed as childish, humorous, unorganized and this characteristics is believed to be a stereotype of adolescents, so that the audience can relate to this characters and the lifestyles of the characters, what the director also does is he makes the addressees relate to the Montague’s in order to gain the audience sympathy for the Montague’s. While the Capulet’s are shown as mature, more organized, they are dressed in suits and also the Capulet’s characters display consistent behavior, they are always enraged, always ready to do battle and always out for blood, and this characteristics is also another typical stereotype but only this time this characters are portrayed as the Mafia. The director portrays them as evil and insincerity because they wear religious items while they live Sinful lives. The effect that the contradiction of the Montagues and Capulets has on the audience is it makes the audience realise that there will be conflict. The director portrays Montague’s as humorous so this makes the audience laugh and he shows the Capulet’s as powerful evil hypocrites so this makes the audience more or less despite them, as they are the villains of the play. The setting is carefully chosen to show rage and anger for example the scene at the petrol station conflict happens, petrol station symbolises fire and fire symbolises rage, danger and conflict. What the director once again does is he stays loyal to the Shakespeare’s original play but once again modernises for example, the original play was set in Verona while Baz Luhzmans â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is set in U. S. A Verona beach. The effect on audience is the scene is set in L. A to attract a young audience so that they can associate to the familiar setting. The language used in the film helps create a successful opening, in the Shakespeare’s original play he used a narrator to read out the prologue, the prologue is basically a summery of the play, there is few key words in the prologue which are the following † New mutiny†, â€Å"Take their lives†, â€Å"Star crossed lovers†, â€Å"Ancient grudge†, â€Å"Fair Verona†, the director uses this key words from the Shakespeare’s originals plays prologue and uses this words as headlines, and he also uses this key words as captions in several different scene for example the starting scene at the news cast the headline is â€Å"Star crossed lovers†, The effect this had on audience was it attract the audience attention to important aspects of the play. And I believe what the director was trying to do was to reinforce the spoken prologue in the captions he used instead of reciting it as Shakespeare’s did once again he modernized a scene in Shakespeare’s original play but still stays faithful to it. There was a scene in a petrol station, in the petrol station there was a sign which was â€Å"Phoenix, add more fuel to your fire†, the language used here draws our attention further to the families conflict because we associate this words with anger and rage, because the first word Phoenix is associated with fire and hell. What the director does through out the film is he basically gives us the audience clues on what’s going to happen next.

Imagery in Sports

Athletes are always on the look out for techniques that will allow them to get better at their game. Whether it is a golfer who is looking to break his best score or a hockey goalie who is trying to get a shutout in the next game he plays, amateur and professional athletes are constantly trying to find ways of improving their performance. One performance enhancing technique that has been the subject of many empirical studies and theoretical speculation is the practice of imagery. Defined in its most general sense, imagery is â€Å"an experience that mimics real experience. We can be aware of ‘seeing' an image, feeling movements as an image, or experiencing an image of smell, tastes, or sounds without actually experiencing the real thing†¦ it differs from dreams in that we are awake and conscious when we form an image. † (Munroe-Chandler & Hall, 2011, p. 370) Applied to the basic problem of improving athletic performance, imagery exercises might consist of visualizing a hole in one for a golfer, or imagining what it feels like to play the net in the next game for a goalie. Imagery is connected to but distinct from the technique known as ‘mental practice,' where an athlete rehearses his or her strategy in competition. There are many various kinds of imagery techniques that exist, but the question of whether imagery really helps athletes to improve is still a matter of some debate, as is the question of how imagery works. The following paper will look at the research that exists on imagery as a technique athletes can use to program their minds. It will conclude, on the basis of this research, that imagery can indeed help people's athletic performance, but that it should be considered as a complement rather than a substitute for practice and training. In order to rigorously understand the various ways that imagery can interact with and potentially improve athletic performance, some kind of standard benchmark is required. It was for this reason that the Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ) was designed. The SIQ is an analytic tool that allows sports psychologists to make fine distinctions between the various functions of imagery as it is employed by athletes (i. . motivation versus concentration) and the levels at which imagery works (i. e. specific versus general). (Hall, Mack, Paivio, & Hausenblas, 1998, p. 74) This analytical framework is used by many other researchers in the field to quantify and make predictive claims about the effects of various kinds of imagery on athletic performance. Weinberg (2008) defines imagery as â€Å"using all the senses (or at least all the senses that are appropriate) to create or re-create an experience in the mind. (p. 2) Weinberg is careful to distinguish between earlier techniques of ‘mental practice’ that involved the review of particular strategies and thinking about performance and current techniques of mental imagery, writing that â€Å"it is very different, for example, if a tennis player simply went over his strategy for how he would like to play an upcoming opponent versus actually imagining himself performing certain skills and strategies against a specific opponent. † (Weinberg, p. ) In essence, mental practice is a ‘3rd person’ technique in which an athlete verbally rehearses to himself how he is going to perform and what he is going to do if his opponent does a particular action, while imagery is a ‘1st person’ technique where an athlete lets go of words and tries instead to place himself in the performance situation mentally. Needless to say, the hard and fast division between the two is difficult to observe or even practice in reality. Most people in their daily thoughts entertain both images and talk in their minds, and the same applies to athletes using various imagery or mental practice techniques. Using mental practice, an athlete ‘talks himself through’ a performance scenario, proposing various courses of action based on an opponents previous history. Using imagery, an athlete rehearses the various body movements that are to be used in successfully performing the sport they are training for in their minds eye. A tennis player using mental imagery might imagine how the court will feel under his feet and how the ball will bounce. He will envision himself running up to or away from the net to return the various volleys of his opponent. Both mental practice and imagery, according to Weinberg, did in fact prove successful for athletes in improving their performance, but many of the gains that athletes experienced were solely anecdotal; in other words, their performance was not subject to detailed empirical scrutiny, nor was the technique of mental practice developed to a very great degree. As Weinberg notes, â€Å"the effectiveness of imagery, per se, is†¦ difficult to tease out, because the meta-analyses typically combined effects from studies that used various forms of mental practice to arrive at one overall effect size. † (p. 2-3) Weinberg also notes that the field of mental imagery in sports has become more rigorous in the past decade or so, noting that â€Å"current imagery research (as well as the practice of imagery in the field) often involves detailed scripts that focus on achieving particular outcomes†¦ arlier mental practice research was generally not this rigorous in this regard or simply was not interested in this type of mental preparation. † (Weinberg, 2008, p. 3) Post, Wrisberg, and Mullins (2010) describe the results of a study on imagery where basketball players on a girls’ highschool team were asked to participate in a guided imagery exercise before half of the games the girls played during their season. The authors collected data on both the victories that the girls’ team had won and also the number of made versus missed free throw shots. Subjecting the data to a 2 by 2 chi-square analysis, these authors concluded that the imagery technique used by the girls before their games significantly improved their chances of winning and improved their chances of making free throw shots. With respect to their results, Post, Wrisburg, & Mullins (2010) write that â€Å"imagery alone or in combination with other psychological skills (e. g. , relaxation) can enhance the competition-related thoughts and emotions of athletes. The documented effects of imagery include improved self-confidence, increased motivation, improved selective attention, and reduced or more effectively managed pre-competitive anxiety. † (p. 2) Why this is the case is still a matter of much controversy, with explanations of the effects of mental imagery on athletic performance ranging from imagery as a rehearsal that prepares the body to imagery as a kind of attention focusing tool that makes athletes concentrate better. In the study these authors describe, 16 female varsity basketball players were asked to run through an imagery script created by the coach (Mullins). The script was based on several recommendations from sports psychology literature, beginning â€Å"with a brief centering phase that involved deep breathing†¦ followed by a stimulus proposition phase where players were instructed to re-create possible game situations surrounding the free throw shot and a response proposition phase that consisted of the actions of the entire shot from the time the player began her pre-shot routine until she saw and heard the ball swish through the net. † (p. 6) Results reported by Callow and Hardy (2001) come to a similar conclusion with respect to the efficacy of mental imagery in improving athletic performance. In their study, they apply Martin, Moritz, and Hall’s (1999) model to a sample of 123 female netball players in Wales. In their analysis of the positive results they found in using imagery in netball, Callow and Hardy distinguish between two kinds of confidence: sport confidence and self-efficacy. The first â€Å"refers to the belief that an athlete possesses about his or her ability to be successful in sport in general† whereas the second â€Å"refers to an individual’s belief in his or her capabilities to be successful in executing specific tasks and skills in specific situations†¦ (Callow & Hardy, 2001, p. 2) They propose that the mechanism by which imagery works to improve performance is directly related to the increase in the feeling of self-efficacy that athletes achieve through using directed imagery exercises. Using the SIQ framework designed by Hall et al. (1998), Callow & Hardy (2001) distinguish between five kinds of imagery: Cognitive General (CG; e. g. , I imagine executing entire plays/programs sections just the way I want them to happen in an event/game), Cognitive Specific (CS; e. g. I can easilty change an image of a skill), Motivational General-Mastery (MG-M; e. g. , I imagine myself working successfully through tough situations), Motivational General-Arousal (MG-A; e. g. , I imagine the excitement associated with competing), and Motivational Specific (MS; e. g. , I imagine myself winning a medal). (p. 2-3) These five types of imagery correspond to those employed by the Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ) that Callow and Hardy used to monitor the effectiveness of imagery exer cises amongst the study’s sample of female netball players. The authors found not only that the use of different kinds of imagery contributed to greater athletic success, but also that different types of imagery were used by players of differing skills; in other words, lower skilled netballers tended to employ MG-M and CG more often than MG-A, while higher skilled netballers used MS. This indicates that different kinds of imagery possess differing levels of â€Å"pertinence† to an athlete. (p. 12) For instance, a higher skilled netball player will have been in a situation where they are close to winning a championship or medal, so this kind of imagery is something they can easily access. Novice netballers, on the other hand, will be more concerned with the execution of basic moves and strategies, and will focus their mental resources on this aspect of the game. Similar findings of the positive effect of imagery on athletic performance are reported by MacIntyre & Moran (2007), who define the process of mental imagery as â€Å"a cognitive performance-enhancement technique that is used extensively by athletes, coaches and psychologists to facilitate skill learning and performance. (p. 1) The authors go on to state that imagery techniques in enhancing athletic performance have become so prevalent that they are now considered to be a â€Å"central pillar† of psychology in sports. (MacIntyre & Moran, 2007, p. 1) They divide the history of imagery research into two ‘waves,' one wave consisting of empirical research into the success of ‘mental practice,' defined as â€Å"the systematic use of mental imagery in order to rehearse physical actions. † (p. ) While this first wave went far in demonstrating a connection between using mental practice and athletic success, it was weakened by the fact that it had no theory to guide its findings. In response to this lack of theory, the second wave MacIntyre and Moran describe attempts to connect the success of mental practice with a larger model or taxonomy that categorizes different types of imagery and different imagery methods. Despite this new trend in sports psychology research, findings in imagery studies continue to suffer from some significant drawbacks that undermine their conclusiveness. One drawback MacIntyre and Moran (2007) point out is that most of the imagery studies that exist have used beginner athletes rather than professional or ‘elite' athletes. This is a problem because it is difficult to generalize about the success of mental imagery in creating better performance in athletes in general from only a particular set. Beginning athletes, simply by virtue of their novice status, might demonstrate significant athletic performance gains with or without imagery. Another weakness of most studies these authors point out is that they do not take into account beliefs athlete's have about their own imagery processes. In other words, many imagery studies do not take into account the ‘meta-imagery' that athletes might engage in concerning how successful their imagery techniques will be in improving their performance. This is clearly a drawback with respect to drawing conclusions about the ultimate efficacy of imagery, because it might not be the activity of imagery per se that helps an athlete succeed, but rather their belief that their imagery techniques will help them. Findings presented in Kim and Giacobbi (2009) suggest that beliefs about the efficacy of imagery as a technique are just as, if not more important in predicted better athletic success than the technique itself. 16 middle-aged participants between 35 and 65 were asked specific questions about the use of imagery in connection with exercise. Questions concerned â€Å"where, when, what (content), and why (function)†¦ [participants used] exercise imagery. † (Kim & Giacobbi, 2009, p. 5) In addition to these questions about imagery content, participants were also asked about their own feelings concerning the impact imagery had on their exercise routines. On the whole, imagery was believed to be an activity that improved participants' concentration and performance. (p. 18) The foregoing studies suggest a number of conclusions about the use and effectiveness of imagery for athletes who are looking for techniques to improve their game. One of the most obvious conclusions is that imagery does appear to enhance athletic performance, but the degree to which it does so depends in large part upon the pre-existing skill level of the person being considered. For beginners or novices at a particular sport, imagery can have a dramatic effect on performance, while for athletes who are more advanced and at a higher skill level, the effects of imagery in performance are less pronounced. A second conclusion concerning the use of imagery in sports is that the effect imagery has on performance depends to a large degree upon the beliefs of the individual with regard to the technique's effectiveness – a person who believes that imaging a performance will help them creates, in a sense, a self-fulfilling prophecy of their own success. This is somewhat equivalent to the ‘placebo effect' that is common in the use of drugs. Third, various studies have shown that different kinds of imagery are used by athletes at different skill levels. Beginning athletes will use imagery to create scenes of successfully blocking a shot, or making a basket, whereas advanced athletes image instead the winning of a competition or event. One aspect of imagery in sports psychology that remains an issue of contention is the precise mechanism by which imagery is able to assist athletes perform better. As discussed above, different studies have proposed different ways in which imagery is effective, but none of these proposed mechanisms have been demonstrated unequivocally as being the only correct one. Most likely, the mechanism by which imagery operates is a complex one that involves not only the inner rehearsal of actions, thereby amounting to a kind of ‘practice without practice,' but also involves the heightening of concentration for the athlete. Regardless of its mechanism of action, it is clear that imagery is a technique (or rather, family of techniques) that promises much for athletes' performance. Needless to say, imagery cannot ever be used as a full substitute for physical training and practice. Imagine how a football team would perform if, instead of practicing, they merely ‘imagined' practicing for the week before their big game! However, used in conjunction with rigourous training programs, imagery is an excellent psychological complement that can help athletes improve.

Hypothetical Case Study Childhood Sexual Abuse Social Work Essays

Hypothetical Case Study Childhood Sexual Abuse Social Work Essays Hypothetical Case Study Childhood Sexual Abuse Social Work Essay Hypothetical Case Study Childhood Sexual Abuse Social Work Essay and offender-focused perspectives.. Finkelhor explains four stipulations that must be involved for sexual maltreatment to take topographic point, factors connected to the maltreaters force to sexually mistreat ; factors bring oning the maltreater to get the better of internal obstructions ; factors bring oning the maltreater to get the better of external inhibitors and factors bring oning to get the better of the kid s opposition Modalities of intervention In intervention modes, whereby the chief end in sexual maltreatment intervention is to cover with the impacts of sexual maltreatment, and diminish the hazards of future sexual maltreatment. Treatment Issues for the Victim that will hold to be attended to be are ; Trust whereby ; there are lay waste toing effects on kids s relationship, particularly being able to swear o people. In household sexual maltreatment, the consequence is worse as in the instance of Melissa because her stepfather, who should be her defender, feats and violates the bounds of acceptable values. A non- offending parent like Melissa s female parent who could non believe her ab initio accelerates this harm. The healer is required to set up fortunes where the kid has positive engagement with sure grownups in order to rectify the kid s ability to swear. Emotional Reactions to Sexual Abuse whereby the kid experiencing being victimized in that she feels as if she is responsible and starts experiencing guilty, holding a disorganised sense of ego and low self-pride because of being involved in sexual maltreatment. The healer is required to assist the kid understand and accept that she was non responsible and besides make her feel good once more about herself. Protection from future victimization Protection from Future Victimization whereby the abused kid demands taught hereafter protection schemes. The kid should be taught to state no and state a trusty individual may be utile. Treatment Issues for the Mother Treatment Issues for the Mother peculiarly in instances affecting the female parents in interfamilial as in Asher s instance. Just like the victim Melissa her female parent will necessitate to undergo intervention in several countries such as countries connected to Sexual Abuse It is difficult for female parents of victims, to grok why a adult may travel sexual with a kid. This is an issue that the clinician should turn to with the female parent. The healer can offer professional account into the causes of maltreatment particular to the instance. Another issue to be addressed believing the kid s revelation of the sexual maltreatment. The healer can explicate makes her believe that the kid is stating the truth or conclude that kids do non do false allegations on such affairs. Finally the healer will assist the female parent comprehend her responsibility in the maltreatment, if she had 1. She is non to fault but in some manner may hold played a portion to drawn-out maltreatment as in the instance of Melissa and Asher for non believing her ab initio Bettering the mother-child relationship is besides really of import because it is an of import measure in helping the female parent to be protective of her kid in future. In the instance of intrafamilial maltreatment like Melissa s instance, the female parent should make up ones mind if she wants to cut off her relationship with the maltreater or salve her relationship. Personal issues such as past injury as holding been sexually abused herself which is the instance of Melissa. Such an experience has assorted impacts in on the female parent s ability to cover with her kid s maltreatment. The female parent may be non being in a place to get by because she has non dealt with her ain sexual maltreatment. Hence her maltreatment has to be addressed as in the instance of Asher. She may non surmise hazardous state of affairs rapidly and her determinations of spouses, playing portion in traveling in with a adult male who goes sexual with kids. Hence in decision, childhood sexual maltreatment is a really sensitive issue that has to be dealt with to avoid future devastation of the kids s lives Mention Finkelhor, D. ( 1986 ) . The Effects of Sexual Abuse, in D. Finkelhor et al. , Eds. Sourcebook on Child Sexual Abuse Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Definition and Examples of Closed Class Words

Definition and Examples of Closed Class Words In  English grammar,  closed class  refers to the  category of function words- that is, parts of speech (or word classes)- that dont readily accept new members. Contrast with open class. The closed classes in English include pronouns, determiners, conjunctions, and prepositions. See examples and observations below: Examples and Observations [C]losed-class words are those belonging to the grammatical, or function, classes . . .. Function words in English include conjunctions (and, or), articles (the, a), demonstratives (this, that), and prepositions (to, from, at, with). To take one specific case, consider the word and. The essential feature of the word and is that it functions grammatically to conjoin words and phrases, as seen in the combination of noun phrases the woman and the man. Any change in membership in such a class happens only very slowly (over centuries) and in small increments. Thus, a speaker of English may well encounter dozens of new nouns and verbs during the coming year; but it is extremely unlikely that the English language will acquire a new article (or lose a current one) in the coming year (or even in the speakers lifetime). (Adrian Akmajian, et al., Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication. MIT, 2001)Prepositions have gradually expanded their membership somewhat by admitting part iciples such as including, concerning, but the remaining classes are very resistant to the introduction of new items. This has been noticeable in recent years when attempts have been made to find gender-neutral pronouns. (Angela Downing and Philip Locke, English Grammar: A University Course, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2002) Functions of Closed-Class Words Closed-class words or function words are limited in number and act as markers or guides to the structure of a sentence. The role of articles is to signal nouns. Prepositions mark special relationships between persons, objects, and locations. Conjunctions are connectors that link actors or objects, and specify relationships between clauses in the sentence. Open- and closed-class words occupy certain slots in sentences and set up a frame for interpreting the interrelationships between actors, actions, and objects. (Diane McGuinness, Language Development and Learning to Read. MIT, 2005) Open Class Words Evolve to Closed Class Words The closed classes include pronouns (you, them), modal verbs (could, must), determiners (a, the), prepositions (of, in), and conjunctions (and, but). New members of these classes are not added to the language very often. Instead, they tend to gradually evolve from lexical words in a process called grammaticalization. For example, the lexical verb go means to move (toward a goal). But its progressive form be going (to) has evolved into a grammaticalized prospective (future) marker, as in Shes going to love her gift. The movement meaning of go has been bleached out of the grammaticalized version, and so the going in be going to can be considered to be a function word, rather than a content word. The closed classes represent a more restricted range of meanings, and the meanings of closed-class words tend to be less detailed and less referential than open-class words. (M. Lynne Murphy, Lexical Meaning. Cambridge University Press, 2010)

African Women under Slavery

This paper discusses the experiences of African American Women under slavery during the Slave Trade, their exploitation, the secrecy, the variety of tasks and positions of slave women, slave and ex-slave narratives. Also, this paper presents the hardships African American women faced and the challenges they overcame to become equal with men in today’s society. Slavery was a destructive experience for African Americans especially women. Black women suffered doubly during the slave era. Slave Trade The West African Slave Trade was a global event that focused on West Africa. It was the sale and ownership of another human being that was put into slavery. It was a type of â€Å"forced Migration† that lasted 300 years. From around 1551 thru 1850 about 15 million people were brought into the slave trade it is said that roughly 5 million people did not survive, and may have immediately died before making through the shock of enslavement. About 10 million people in the western hemisphere survived and were sold on the auction block. Generations continued into slavery, the offspring was also brought into slavery. The owners liked the idea of their slaves reproducing. This meant their work force would grow without having to spend much money on slaves. About 250 million lived in slavery throughout the 300 years. Slavery was also a traditional part of African society, various states and kingdoms in Africa operated one or more of the following: chattel slavery, debt bondage, forced labor, and serfdom. Ghana, Mali, Songhai were kingdoms that had large economies and supported large populations, they had knowledge of agriculture, and grew many different crops that sustained many people. Because of the West African Slave Trade, These kingdoms were affected by greed and would often go to war and capture prisoners to sell into slavery. The Middle Passage was the journey of slave trading ships from the west coast of Africa, where the slaves were obtained, across the Atlantic, where they were sold or, in some cases, traded for goods such as molasses, which was used in the making of rum. However, this voyage has come to be remembered for much more than simply the transport and sale of slaves. The Middle Passage was the longest, hardest, most dangerous, and also most horrific part of the journey of the slave ships. With extremely tightly packed loads of human cargo that stank and carried both infectious disease and death, the ships would travel east to west across the Atlantic on a miserable voyage lasting at least five weeks, and sometimes as long as three months. Although incredibly profitable for both its participants and their investing backers, the terrible Middle Passage has come to represent the ultimate in human misery and suffering. The abominable and inhuman conditions which the Africans were faced with on their voyage clearly display the great evil of the slave trade. While there was slavery throughout World History, never has it reached such an epic proportion as during the Middle Passage/ transatlantic slave trade. At this time, no one knows exactly how many Africans died at sea during the Middle Passage experience. Estimates for the total number of Africans lost to the slave trade range from 25 to 50 million. The Middle Passage was a term used to describe the triangular route of trade that brought Africans to the Americas and rum and sugar cane to Europe. It was synonymous with pain and suffering. The journey from Africa to the Americas would take as many as 30 to 90 days. Many of the ships were called â€Å"loose packers† which meant that the slaves were not overlapping each other or â€Å"tight packers†, describing the capacity of the slave ship. The smell of rotten bodies thrown overboard lured sharks to the ships route; European countries participating in the slave trade accumulated tremendous wealth and global power from the capturing and selling of Africans into slavery. Originally, slaves were sold to the Portuguese and Spanish colonies in South and Central Americas to work on sugar cane plantations. The middle passage was the worst thing that could happen to African American slaves. For most women who endured it, the experience of the Slave Trade was one of being outnumbered by men. Roughly one African woman was carried across the Atlantic for every two men. The captains of slave ships were usually instructed to buy as high a proportion of men as they could, because men could be sold for more in the Americas. Women thus arrived in the American colonies as a minority. For some reason, women did not stay a minority. Slave records found that most plantations, even during the period of the slave trade, there were relatively equal numbers of men and women. Slaveholders showed little interest in women as mothers. Their willingness to pay more for men than women, despite the fact than children born to enslaved women would also be the slave-owners’ property and would thus increase their wealth. Women who did have children, always struggled with the impossible conflict between, their own physical needs and their children’s need for care, not to mention the requirements forced on them by plantation work regimes. Women’s inability to maintain the pace of work required by plantation owners during pregnancy, their need for recovery time after childbirth, and the needs of their young children to be fed, cleaned, loved, and integrated spiritually and socially into the human community, all brought them into conflict with the demands of the owners and managers of the plantations on which they worked1. Exploitation The slave owner’s exploitation of the African woman’s sexuality was one of the most significant factors differentiating the experience of slavery for males and females. The white man’s claim to the slave body, male as well as female, was inherent in the concept of the Slave Trade and was tangibly realized perhaps nowhere more than the auction block. Captive Africans were stripped of their clothing, oiled down, and poked and prodded by potential buyers. The erotic undertones of such scenes were particularly pronounced in the case of black women. Throughout the period of slavery in America, white society believed black women to be innately lustful beings. The perception of the African woman as hyper-sexual made her both the object of white man’s disgust and his fantasy. Within the bounds of slavery, masters often felt it was their right to engage in sexual activity with black women. Sometimes, female slaves made advances hoping that such relationships would increase the chances that they or their children would be liberated by the master; most of the time, slave owners took slaves by force. For the most part, masters made young, single slaves the objects of their sexual pursuits. They did on occasion rape married women. The inability of the slave husband to protect his wife from such violation points to another fundamental aspect of the relationship between enslaved men and women. The restrictions of slave law and circumstances of slave life created a sense of parity between black wives and husbands. A master’s control over both spouses reduced the black male’s potential for dominance over his wife. Whenever possible, black slave women manipulated their unique circumstances in the struggle for their personal dignity and that of their families. Black women rebelled against the inhumanities of slave owners. Like their ancestors and counterparts in Africa, most slave women took their motherhood seriously. They put their responsibilities before their own safety and freedom, provided for children not their own, and gave love even to those babies born from violence2. Secrecy Due to the sexual escapades of the white slave owners, both white and African American women had to keep births on the plantation a secret. A female slave was never able to say who the father of her child was. In some of the books on slave records, the father of the slave child would not be recorded because the child would have the status of the mother, regardless. If the female slave ever tried to tell who the father of her child was, she could be sent to jail, beaten, sold to another owner, or killed as a result. If a mistress knew that her husband was cheating on her, there was not very much that she could do. In some cases, the white women would make the slave woman work harder, be very rude to her, or even ask her husband to beat her3. Traditions With many diverse women coming from various places in Africa the daily living, clothing, religion and vast personal mile stones like circumcision, birth, and even marriage are handled differently. Beginning from a child where you grow determines the traditions you inherit. Children in rural Africa communities were all seen as sons and daughters of the entire community. After being sold as slaves many families were torn apart, which mean people had to carry this tradition along because there actually family were gone. On plantations every adult was respected as one’s mother or father. Older women and men stood cherished for the fact they were the wisest to the way to survive. One day a week the slave families would be allowed to gather for a type of religious gathering where they were only allowed to praise whomever they worshiped for an hour of the day. Polygamy was also practiced by many of the slaves, either men had many wives or vice versa. This was brought over to the plantations, as it was also practiced in the homeland. Variety of Tasks and Positions of Slave Women African American women were responsible for a lot of tasks that had to be done inside of the slave owners household or fields. Enslaved women were charged with a different variety of tasks such as cooking, cleaning, laundry, running errands, going to the market, plantation work, looking after children, etc. 4. Slavery taught women to be self-reliant, whereas white women were dependent socially and economically on men. On plantations, men and women did equally difficult work as stated before but often they did the same jobs. Not all labor by women was traditionally women’s work, though men did not usually perform tasks traditionally done by women. Women worked in the fields alongside the men, but most of the hard labor was performed by the men or women past childbearing age. Pregnant women and nursing mothers were often given lighter work. Several positions were open to female slaves that were considered skill labor and so quite respected by the slave community. One of these was the cook, who prepared food for the master’s household and for the slaves themselves when they came back from the fields. The other one is sewing. Some women, who knew how, were responsible for sewing the clothes for the entire community and if they were quite excellent, for the master’s family, too. The skill of midwifery was strictly for female slaves, and like cooking and sewing was considered a highly skilled labor. Learned from the mother or another relative (aunt), a midwife catered to blacks and whites alike, and continues to be a prominent job among African American women. Many times, slave women were looked up to for leadership because of their occupation, their age, or their number of children, and the fact that the work done by the majority of the women was done in groups. The existence of skills was respected labor strictly for women, and the control of child and medical care by women points to the idea that black females were able to order their own community among women5. Female Slave and Ex-Slave Narratives There were quite a few female slave and ex-slave narratives written during the slave era. As historical documents, slave narratives chronicle the evolution of white supremacy in the South from eighteenth-century slavery through early twentieth-century segregation. Most of these autobiographies as narratives give voice to generations of black people who, despite written off by white southern literature, still found a way to donate a literary legacy of enormous collective significance to the South and the United States. The narratives portrays slavery as a condition of extreme physical, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual deprivation, a kind of hell on earth which precipitated the slave’s decision to escape is some sort of personal crisis, such as the sale of a loved one or a dark night of the soul in which hope contends with despair for the spirit of the slave. Impelled by faith in God and a commitment to liberty and human dignity comparable (the slave narratives often stresses) to that of America’s Founding Fathers, the slave undertakes a difficult quest for freedom that climaxes in his or her arrival in the North. The attainment of freedom is signaled not simply by reaching the Free states, but by renaming oneself and dedicating one’s future to antislavery activism6. Additionally, slave and ex-slave narratives stressed how African Americans survived slavery, making a way out of no way, often times resisting exploitation, occasionally fighting back and escaping in search of a better prospects elsewhere in the North. The most memorable of these narratives evoke the national myth of the American individual’s quest for freedom and for a society based on â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. † Slave and ex-slave narratives are important not only for what they tell us about African American history and literature, but also because they reveal the complexities of the dialogue between whites and blacks in America, particularly African Americans. Several women come to mind when slave and ex-slave narratives is talked about. The first being, Phyllis Wheatley, she became the first African-American woman author to publish a book of Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. Another one being Lucy Terry, although her poems was not published until after her death, â€Å"Bar Fights† was the first poem composed by another African American woman. Her poems recalls the popular captivity narrative of the colonial period, in which she recounts her experience in captivity among the Indians, and establishes early on the central role of African American women in American literary history. Also, Harriet Jacobs cannot be forgotten. She published â€Å"Harriet Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl†, which is an account of her brutal life and thrilling escape. She describes spending seven years of her life hiding in a crawl space – nine feet long, seven feet wide, and three feet long in her narrative. Two of the most iconic women during the slavery period was Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman. Sojourner Truth is now like a nearly mythical figure who was a strong proponent of equal rights for both African Americans and women, never compromising her struggle for one to gain the other. She was the first to attend the First National Women’s Rights Convention in 1850, where she was the only black woman to be a speaker. Not only was Sojourner Truth a highly visible symbol of abolition on the speaking platform, so was Harriet Tubman. Harriet was a powerful underground force of liberation. She became the most active conductor on the Underground Railroad, returning 19 times and helping 300 slaves escape through the North to Canada7. There are so many more great women such as Frances Harper, Ida Wells-Barnett, Mary Church Terrell, and Anna Cooper that made significant contributions to African American women history. These women paved the way for other great women like Zora Hurston, Gwendolyn Brooks, Jo Ann Robinson, Rosa Parks, Maya Angelou, Alice Walker, and Toni Morrison to make their mark in history. Significant Contributions Based on the research and reading, we can agree that women during the slave era made significant contributions that led to monumental changes in equal rights for women. Women have always played second behind the man which makes it hard to feel equal. Women slaves were the central nucleus that kept families together. The information presented shows that a lot of the families were solely raised by the woman. Black women learned to cope with the problems of raising children without men. Also, because of the experiences of women under slavery, they opened doors for women to have better pay, jobs, and the most important one, being able to vote. Women have made tremendous strides during the abolition era, the feminist era that reemerged in the sixties as a result of the male chauvinism within the Civil Rights, Black Power, and student movements that traces directly back to women under slavery. This courageous history should inspire every woman today, reflecting back on what our ancestors had to fight for, for us to enjoy the liberties we take for granted. In conclusion, this paper discussed the experiences of African American Women under slavery during the Slave Trade, their exploitation, the secrecy, the variety of tasks and positions of slave women, slave and ex-slave narratives; also, this paper discussed the hardships African American women faced and the challenges they overcame to become equal with men in today’s society. What must not be forgotten, is that African American women never stopped fighting against racial prejudices and sexual abuses. We will never know the exact number of slave women who were raped, but their testimonies make us think that almost all of them had been raped. Most importantly, the most efficient method women developed was to speak out about their experiences in order to make people discover this hidden part of American history, and they surely did.

BUSINESS LAW College Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BUSINESS LAW College - Case Study Example If this indeed is the actual reason for Pat's removal, the company could have instead asked Pat to be more circumspective on his observations since they could hurt the company's interests and leave the matter thereat. The company's action is ill-advised and it is putting itself in a difficult position. If Pat decides to file a suit against the firm, there will be consequences which may not be in the company's favor. The company is big and fair enough and this must have been the reason for Pat to quit his earlier job and travel 300 miles for the new job. His spouse has also sacrificed her job in order to accommodate Pat's new arrangement. Pat's three months at Newcorp is a learning period and the lack of information on any clear reason for his discharge is a pointer to the fact that some reason other than deficiency at the workplace is responsible for the company's decision. Be that as it may, the company has enough powers to terminate Pat's services. However, the reason that they are quoting for their action is nave and the severance pay they are handing him is grossly inadequate. It would have been better had Newcorp waited for more time till they are capable of analyzing Pat's performance in proper light. By resorting to a knee-jerk action they are only making their position untenable in legal standards. In case Pat does not sign a release of claims and files a suit for higher compensation, the company will have a difficult time in disproving the suit (Severance Pay). Legal Encounter 2 What liability, if any, does Newcorp have in this situation What can and cannot Newcorp do In your answer, identify what legal principles (statutory or case law) support your belief. The liability that Newcorp has in this situation is that it can find itself involved in a case of sexual harassment. Newcorp can heed Sam's argument that the chemicals used in wire coatings could harm an early-state fetus being carried by a newly-pregnant woman. However, there is no information that Paula is pregnant or is likely to be in the near future although she is dating someone. Paula may choose not to be pregnant for a couple of years. Newcorp can still heed Sam's argument and decline Paula's application for transfer to the wire-coating section. They are acting in good faith although they do not know the underlying reason for the transfer. In case they knew the true reason, they would be bound to act differently. If Paula decides to file a suit of sexual harassment, the company will find it difficult to disprove the suit. Even if they do not respond positively to her application for transfer, they will have the embarrassing case of sexual harassment facing them. In such eventuality, they not only will be forced to part with substantial amount of money as compensation but also take disciplinary measures against Sam. This is as good as an open-and-shut case. Paula is trying to get away from a difficult situation by

FORD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FORD - Essay Example But according to me they should have given their customers the actual information. It would give the public a sense of trust in Ford. The real ethics lies in having the faith of the customers by thinking about their well being. As per a Ford inside notice, the optimal approach to defeat the security issue was by bringing down the core of gravity, enlarging the Explorers wheel base, and utilizing a more diminutive P215 tire. Then again, when further dissection was carried out, Ford understood that stretching the wheel base and bringing down the core of gravity might have deferred the processing, and consequently it chose to act "unethically" Rowell (2008). This shows that Ford was aware of the problem and they also knew the reason for it. It was a fault on their end. They had the thought process of saving their reputation. We can use the Utilitarian approach in this situation. Consistent with the Utilitarian Approach, the maker of the item ought to be considered answerable for the imperfections as opposed to the retailer, and it is the obligation of each maker to guarantee that it processes the most secure items conceivable. Accordingly dependent upon the Utilitarian Approach, it could be reasoned that Ford was "unethical" since it was regulating the methodology through which Explorer was transformed, and in this manner it is to be considered ethically and also lawfully answerable for the imperfections which were available in the vehicle. Based on this theory it can be said that the responsibility should have been taken by Ford. Yes Ford should have taken the responsibility instead of blaming the whole issue on Firestone. It was unethical on their part to protect themselves and blaming a tire manufacture. Ford should have recalled all the faulty cars that had been manufactured by them and should be replaced with the non faulty one or should have repaired the cars on their own expense. According to me it was

American Women suffrage movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

American Women suffrage movement - Essay Example But this paper is not about the British suffrage action, that was merely meant as a reference point. This paper will instead concentrate on the trials and tribulations that the pioneering feminist movement women of the United States of America had to endure in order to allow the average 21st century woman the power of equality of the sexes and the right to vote. Both are achievements that the modern day woman tend to take for granted and as such, deserve revisiting in order to remind the women of where these freedoms came from and at what cost to the early 20th century woman. The early to middle 20th century saw an era of rapid industrialization in the United States which resulted in more women joining the workforce. Originally, women were not give the right to representation in their place of work and during voting procedures because there was a belief that these women, most of whom were married, would be represented in the vote by their husbands. However, the continuous changes tha t were occurring in the factories, including the abuse of women in terms of labor practice, proved that the male vote could not protect the rights of women (Liazos, 128). This was the original cause that started the Women's Suffragette movement. It is important to note however that there was at the time, a sector of women that did not totally believe in the female cause of the era. It was the belief of the non suffragettes that; ... only one class of women wanted the vote and that the vast majority of women were content as they were. in fact, many immigrant women working for reform in labor did indeed â€Å"[view] women's suffrage irrelevant to basic political change , a mere plaything for the middle-classed, privileged woman. â€Å" They felt that it was not as important as other social, industrial, educational, and moral progress (Liazos 126-127). One of the most notable names in the movement is that of Alice Paul who, raised in the Hicktite beliefs, always thought that equality of the sexes was something that was natural as their religious beliefs advocated that belief. Ms. Paul was born January 11, 1885 in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey to Quaker parents William and Tacie Paul. They were the first people who influenced the young Alice's belief in gender equality and the need to work for the betterment of society. The eldest of 4 siblings, Alice was the one who was most influenced by her mother's early association with the suffragette movement since the meetings for the cause were often held on Paulsdale, the family farm. Paul herself admitted to being exposed to the movement while in attendance at the family farm meetings with her mother. In fact, Alice often refers to her mother's advocacy and role in the movement when asked about why she had such a keen interest in seeing the desires of the movement become a reality, In a Time magazine article she was quoted as having credited â€Å"...her farm upbringing by quoting an adage she learned from her mother, "When you put your hand to the plow, you can't put it down until you get to the end of the row" (Carol, Myers, et. al. 1). Ms. Paul, having been raised within Quaker traditions explained that she had always been raised with a belief in equality of the sexes. It was, in her point of view, simply a normal part of Quaker life. In her best effort to explain the relation of her Quaker upbringing with her belief in the equality of the s

Current Event Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 17

Current Event Paper - Assignment Example The main objective is to make an analysis of the direction of food packaging equipment in the future. Packaging material will be an important tool within the processing and packaging of food industry. The article discusses on the improvisation of market and the possible setbacks. Details on the advantages and disadvantages of different food processing and packaging equipment are discussed as well. Analysis of the structure of the equipment used in food processing and packaging is discussed and how revenue can be generated more. The impacts of use of packaging to customers are also discussed in the article (pr, 2014). This research is related to the concept learned in class because they both discuss how producing goods in a certain way is useful to an organization. The article discusses on how to make products attractive to the customers. This is related to how the concept in class discusses process choice to sell new products in the market. Newswire US.

Sport Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sport Psychology - Essay Example Sports injury is common in different sports and athletic events across the world and these affect the performance of the sports individuals. Self-esteem and other psychological factors like stress are also associated with injury during training and competition in different sports. This paper will evaluate the relationship between sports psychology and injury in athletes and sports person in different competitive sports (Lockhart, Merrill & Bird, 2002). The occurrence of sport injuries are common in athletes and other sports personalities and this is associated with the occurrence of acute trauma or the over reliance on a certain body part. These injuries vary and are associated with simple bruises, acute strains that affect effective muscle coordination, sprains which results from excessive straining of the ligaments and serious wounds caused by major collisions. The management of these injuries is essential in the training and effective performance of athletes and it enhances the mental wellbeing of sports individuals. A number of theoretical approaches have been developed that highlights the psychological approaches to sports injury and these demonstrates the benefits of effective management and care of athletes during training and after injury (Hamson-Utley, Martin & Walters, 2008). Injury in most instances is associated with physical events that are beyond the control of the athlete and which are extremely impulsive for them to avoid. However, psychologists have associated sports injury with a number of psychological events which affects their concentration and increases the proneness to injury. The factors can be classified into personal factors, emotional conditions and stressful events which affect the mental and physical coordination during training and competition. Personal factors have been associated with increased intro and extroversion which affects the self-esteem of individuals during competition and training. Training environments

American Women suffrage movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

American Women suffrage movement - Essay Example But this paper is not about the British suffrage action, that was merely meant as a reference point. This paper will instead concentrate on the trials and tribulations that the pioneering feminist movement women of the United States of America had to endure in order to allow the average 21st century woman the power of equality of the sexes and the right to vote. Both are achievements that the modern day woman tend to take for granted and as such, deserve revisiting in order to remind the women of where these freedoms came from and at what cost to the early 20th century woman. The early to middle 20th century saw an era of rapid industrialization in the United States which resulted in more women joining the workforce. Originally, women were not give the right to representation in their place of work and during voting procedures because there was a belief that these women, most of whom were married, would be represented in the vote by their husbands. However, the continuous changes tha t were occurring in the factories, including the abuse of women in terms of labor practice, proved that the male vote could not protect the rights of women (Liazos, 128). This was the original cause that started the Women's Suffragette movement. It is important to note however that there was at the time, a sector of women that did not totally believe in the female cause of the era. It was the belief of the non suffragettes that; ... only one class of women wanted the vote and that the vast majority of women were content as they were. in fact, many immigrant women working for reform in labor did indeed â€Å"[view] women's suffrage irrelevant to basic political change , a mere plaything for the middle-classed, privileged woman. â€Å" They felt that it was not as important as other social, industrial, educational, and moral progress (Liazos 126-127). One of the most notable names in the movement is that of Alice Paul who, raised in the Hicktite beliefs, always thought that equality of the sexes was something that was natural as their religious beliefs advocated that belief. Ms. Paul was born January 11, 1885 in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey to Quaker parents William and Tacie Paul. They were the first people who influenced the young Alice's belief in gender equality and the need to work for the betterment of society. The eldest of 4 siblings, Alice was the one who was most influenced by her mother's early association with the suffragette movement since the meetings for the cause were often held on Paulsdale, the family farm. Paul herself admitted to being exposed to the movement while in attendance at the family farm meetings with her mother. In fact, Alice often refers to her mother's advocacy and role in the movement when asked about why she had such a keen interest in seeing the desires of the movement become a reality, In a Time magazine article she was quoted as having credited â€Å"...her farm upbringing by quoting an adage she learned from her mother, "When you put your hand to the plow, you can't put it down until you get to the end of the row" (Carol, Myers, et. al. 1). Ms. Paul, having been raised within Quaker traditions explained that she had always been raised with a belief in equality of the sexes. It was, in her point of view, simply a normal part of Quaker life. In her best effort to explain the relation of her Quaker upbringing with her belief in the equality of the s

Sport Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sport Psychology - Essay Example Sports injury is common in different sports and athletic events across the world and these affect the performance of the sports individuals. Self-esteem and other psychological factors like stress are also associated with injury during training and competition in different sports. This paper will evaluate the relationship between sports psychology and injury in athletes and sports person in different competitive sports (Lockhart, Merrill & Bird, 2002). The occurrence of sport injuries are common in athletes and other sports personalities and this is associated with the occurrence of acute trauma or the over reliance on a certain body part. These injuries vary and are associated with simple bruises, acute strains that affect effective muscle coordination, sprains which results from excessive straining of the ligaments and serious wounds caused by major collisions. The management of these injuries is essential in the training and effective performance of athletes and it enhances the mental wellbeing of sports individuals. A number of theoretical approaches have been developed that highlights the psychological approaches to sports injury and these demonstrates the benefits of effective management and care of athletes during training and after injury (Hamson-Utley, Martin & Walters, 2008). Injury in most instances is associated with physical events that are beyond the control of the athlete and which are extremely impulsive for them to avoid. However, psychologists have associated sports injury with a number of psychological events which affects their concentration and increases the proneness to injury. The factors can be classified into personal factors, emotional conditions and stressful events which affect the mental and physical coordination during training and competition. Personal factors have been associated with increased intro and extroversion which affects the self-esteem of individuals during competition and training. Training environments

Innovation in Cipla Essay Example for Free

Innovation in Cipla Essay

George Eliots Silas Marner: Analysis of Masculinity

George Eliots Silas Marner: Analysis of Masculinity Silas Marner, A Tale of Two Cities. Essay topic: Silas Marner and masculinity 1. Introduction. This essay is about the construction and representation of Silas’s masculinity (including some questions proposed in the essay topics on the virtual campus that I found interesting). I saw things that can make him appear more like a woman but it is not necessary or required to understand this matter in this way; I wanted to find his good-will not as a weakness or a woman issue but as strong way of showing tenderness, because I think there is nothing stronger that absolute tenderness and nothing more tender that true strength and I see Silas as a very strong person calm but strong. The main themes here are his isolation, the gender issue, and finally how viable or non-viable his manhood is. In the conclusion I have included some aspects more related to Silas’s life. 2. Silas’s isolation. About his family, it is only mentioned in the book that he had a mother and a little sister, both of them named Hepziba, but his sister was called Eppie, which is why he chooses this name for his adoptive daughter. His period of isolation starts in Raveloe when he sends their neighbours away with a growing irritation (It started when he helped Sally Oats and after that he became someone like the official herbal doctor of the neighbourhood). From this moment on he spends his days working sixteen hours a day and contemplating his gold every night. He is like a hermit only concentrated on earning money. It wasn’t always like this. At first when he lived in Lantern Yard he was a sociable man who interacted with society, he lived a normal life, and was engaged to marry a woman named Sarah. He also had a friend, William Dane, and then both of them betrayed him. But at the moment he is an entity separated from the community, self-sufficient. 3. Silas in gender terms. What’s wrong with Silas before the loss of his gold? This point has a connection with Silas’s isolation as discussed in the previous section. He is considered an outcast by the community: at first he is described like a â€Å"spider† or a â€Å"spinning-insect†. This has no relationship with the issue of masculinity but rather with the issue of humanity: through this description he is portrayed more as an insect than as a man, this is a way of dehumanizing him. When he loses his gold he is obligated to go and communicate it to the authorities. At first, when he arrived, people thought he was a ghost, is important to mention that Silas’s appearance is a bit strange, he shows a physical deterioration, he has signs of aging and illness, and he is described as an old man. And as I commented previously, he was an isolated hermit obsessed with his gold, admiring it every night, and his world is reduced to his work and his coins. This is the problematic that is established before the loss of his gold. Why not let him weave and enjoy his money until he’s too old to keep on weaving? Why draw this out for so long? In my opinion, the idea I get from the book is that Silas earned more money on Raveloe than in Lantern Yard (where he has to pay some money to the church) and he saw this fact, after which began his obsession and he lived like this for sixteen years. And he could have lived on this way until his death but when Eppie came to his home it brought about a change in his whole life. I think he draws it out because work and money becomes the centre of his life; he lives only for work and to admire his gold. 4. Silas’s masculinity in a viable way. Is this one kind of masculinity or masculinity in general? I think this is one kind of masculinity because not all men have a situation like Silas’s. Other male characters like the Cass brothers have a masculine role and are seen more like a men than Silas is. I see this as a viable way because I believe that Silas is completely masculine even if there are things that show him with a lack of manhood. I’ll start with the â€Å"negative† points against his masculinity. Starting with his occupation, it was established that spinning and weaving had a gender division and that it was a female task, in this point, I don’t think that this job defines his masculinity, he is a man and here the only important thing is that he has an occupation and he is working to support himself. In addition, Silas’s behaviour is interesting on a mental level. I see his capacity for self-control a masculine skill too; it is a characteristic of a great man. For example, when William and Sarah betrayed him, he knew it and acted quietly and did nothing; only go on with his life. Another way of showing self-control is in his isolation, and his high degree of rationality. He has been injured, accused of robbery, abandoned by his fiancà ©e, rejected by the community only because he did not want to be an ONG and after that he has the rationality to make a decision. After that it is normal that he wishes to be alone working and earning money. And finally, even if he is portrayed as an insect or a weak man, in an attempt to diminish his masculinity the capacity that he finds for being a father, a mother and a protector of little Eppie is highly admirable without question. By having enough knowledge for self-sufficiency, to me he is a secure man who knows what he wants and simply acquires and achieves it. In addition I’d like to say that making his home more comfortable for the child, decorating it, a â€Å"nest† for her-, is the sweetness way in which a man can show how capable of being tender is. Preparing his home for Eppie’s needs is something to be expected from a very masculine man. In his own way, he did what every man must do: work, support a household, have a family and protect his family (according to this nineteenth-century period, nowadays it is different, as women can do this alone too). And he did it; he is totally a man. 5. Conclusion. We have seen Silas’s journey, not a physical journey, but throughout his life. At first he has a normal life, he later becomes an outcast obsessed with gold and after Eppie’s arrival he undergoes a kind of social rehabilitation into an ordinary member of the community. After meeting the child he completely changes his role inside the neighbourhood, every place or home he visits for work he must sit and talk with people about the child. Through her his life changes and he becomes another man. We see his domestic, social and paternal side and how he achieves the role of masculinity in the nineteenth century; not exactly as it was imposed, but by in his own way. Through the adoption of the child we see Silas accomplishing both – a male and female role, because he is completely devoted to the little girl, and how he passes from a completely isolated life to finding meaning in all the things around him. In Eppie he finds a reason to live, a family that was denied him (his mother and little sister died, and we do not know about his father), the comfort of being love sincerely by someone, of being needed, and of being a father, and there is no moment, in my opinion, where his masculinity could be misunderstood. We can also see, through the adoption the morality and responsibility that Silas is prepared to assume fatherhood, which is too a masculine characteristic, it is necessary to emphasize that the duties that Silas accepts are those that Godfrey Cass, Eppie’s biological father has no morality or responsibility to assume. Throughout the book there is no moment when I feel Silas is not achieving the role of a man. I only felt adm iration even if didn’t have obvious masculine characteristics such as physical appearance of a strong and wealth man like Godfrey Cass. Even when he grows old he still has this powerful appearance that Silas, in contrast does not. Godfrey does not have to work because he was inherited from his father and Silas worked as an independent man. This was a prototype of industrial manhood and a new ideal for men. To finish, another point that I found interesting is that Silas didn’t want to achieve the ideals of the perfect man according to society but he ended up doing so, though his virtuous nature, his generous heart, his courage. By adopting the child he was not only taking on a responsibility but he was taking on the responsibility of another man. Bibliography. Silas Marner, A Tale of Two Cities. George Eliot. Silas Marner in Wikipedia the free encyclopaedia. Silas Marner study guide and literature. Virtual Campus. Class hand-outs.

The Management of Stress Essay -- Game Plan, Unhealthy Diet

Everybody has at least one thing in common. Can you guess what it is? If you guessed, heartbreak, you’re right, but that’s not the answer I’m looking for. The correct answer is stress. Everyone has stress in his or her life at one point or another. It’s one of many inevitable parts of life. Whether it’s busting out a research paper for Psychology at the last minute, expecting your first child to be born, to making sure you’re up in time to catch the Saturday morning cartoons, it’s clearly evident that everyone goes through stress. The real question is, how is stress handled in our society? A person is defined by how they handle the stressors in their lives and how they overcome stressful moments. This paper will explore the aspects of stress management; hoping to help others in their times of stress. To fully understand stress management, one must understand the natural stress response. When a person encounters a perceived threat, the hypothalamus, a tiny region located at the base of the brain, sets off an alarm in their body. Through a combination of both nerve and hormonal signals, the system prompts their adrenal glands, located at the top of the kidneys, to release a surge of hormones which include adrenaline and cortisol. The adrenaline causes an increase in the heart rate, thus causing an increase in the blood pressure and energy supplies of the individual. Cortisol, which is the primary stress hormone, creates an increase in sugars which are known as glucose in the bloodstream. This enhances the brain’s use of glucose and decreases the availability of substances that help repair tissues. This alarm system also communicates with regions of the brain that control moods, motivation, and fear. Once the perceived threat has p... ...uestion? Works Cited America’s #1 Health Problem. (n.d.). Retrieved from The American Institute of Stress website: http://www.stress.org/americas-1-health-problem/ Borchard, T. (2010). 18 Ways to Manage Stress. Psych Central. Retrieved on December 1, 2013, from http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2010/06/23/18-ways-to-manage-stress/ Chronic stress puts your health at risk. (n.d.). Retrieved from Mayo Clinic website: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/stress/SR00001 Heissman, K. (2012). Stress Management Practices: What Works and What Doesn’t. Psych Central. Retrieved on December 1, 2013, from http://psychcentral.com/lib/stress-management-practices-what-works-and-what-doesnt/00011942 Stress Management: How to Reduce, Prevent, and Cope with Stress. (n.d.). Retrieved from Helpguide.org website:http://www.helpguide.org/mental/stress_management_relief_coping.htm

Learn the Law. Question the Law :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the course of human history, people have advanced technology and educated minds in ways that once would not have seemed impossible. From caves drawings to televisions and from the bow and arrow to the machine gun, humans have continually improved their standard of living over the years. Although we now have all sorts of things people could only dream of a thousand years ago, we still live like cavemen in many ways. One of these ways is our contempt refusal to tolerate severe injustice at many levels of society. Just like most problems, injustice starts at the top, and often starts with the people that are supposed to be preventing it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Corrupt police officers and law agencies have been sifting through the sieve of true justice for years, and continue to do so today. From Hitler’s horrifying Gestapo police of the 1940’s to the more recent beating of Rodney King, police officers have abused their powers like a broken record. Police have engaged in unjustified shootings, severe beatings, fatal chokings, and unnecessarily rough treatment of citizens in rural and urban areas from New York to Los Angeles. Just as the founders of our great nation stood to face the British in the 18th century, and just as our forefathers fought to free us from the shackles of slavery, we must now fight to ensure that our democracy is not tainted by the practice of unjust or discriminatory law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Drunk Ohio Cop Found Passed Out (Drunk) In Burger King Drive-Thru.† This was a headline on CNN.com on February 21, 2005. This kind of story serves as an example that not all of our police officers are as moral as they claim to be. The most disturbing part of this story wasn’t that this police veteran was found intoxicated in his dispatch car, it’s that this man had the power of our law behind him for years before this happened. Many of the thousands of laws that help police officers do things like pull you over for no legitimate reason, or come into your house without probable cause, were constructed for just these purposes. This fact goes hand in hand with a quote from Tacitus, a famous Roman historian and philosopher, â€Å"the more corrupt the state, the more numerous the laws.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Police officers sometimes lack a crucial prerequisite for their job, common sense. Instead of getting drug dealers and other dangerous criminals off the streets, they are often seen in packs of three to five â€Å"investigating† events like fireworks in the dorms, or streakers.

Primitivism Essay

â€Å"Why is the art of primitive peoples not considered art at all? †(Nolde, E. 1934). This art of primitive peoples that Emil Nolde refers to is something that is truly appealing to many artists and offers a great source of inspiration for their works. Artists such as Paul Gauguin and Emil Nolde both draw inspiration from these primitive forms of art and borrow different aspects in order to become closer to nature and return to a more pure and expressionistic form of art.Paul Gauguin is said to have always felt like an ‘other’, a primitive and therefore in his later years set out in search of a pure society that was close to nature and free from the corruption of civilisation. ‘Gauguin is traditionally cast as the founding father of modernist primitivism. ’ (Solomon-Godeau, A. 1989. pp314) His many works explore and express his desire to find authenticity and to ‘become a savage’. Similar to Gauguin, Emil Nolde seeks to return to a onen ess with nature, in an attempt to bridge German’s past with its future.Using traditional German forms of art such as folk art and craft and combining this with that of modern images, using loose brushstrokes to create an earthy and natural feel to his works. Nolde was a part of the German Expressionism movement which sought to unshackle their civilisation and return to nature and freedom. â€Å"Primitive peoples create their works with the material itself in the artist’s hand, held in his fingers. (Nolde, 1934) This statement by Nolde explores tactility and the idea of the power of expression in such simple forms, which is what Nolde explains to be a contributing factor as to why artists are so drawn to the works of the primitive peoples. These simple, natural works are intense in their expression of power and meaning thus providing artist such as Nolde and Gauguin with inspiration and direction for their works, showing them how to create simple yet expressive works o f art that are moving and captivating to the viewer.Emil Nolde, ‘In the paintings by which he is best known, ‘primitive’ figure types are used to evoke emotional and religious themes. ’ (Harrison, C & Wood, P. 1992. ) Emil Nolde’s works such as ‘Dance Around the Golden Calf’ (1910) and ‘St Mary of Egypt’ (1912) show this expressive form of painting, with loose brushstrokes and wide use of colour creating a very rhythmic and sensuous painting. These works are representative of Nolde’s move to a oneness with nature as it can be seen that the expression and movement within ‘Dance Around the Golden Calf‘ is very natural and flows. St Mary of Egypt’ uses a wide range of colour and loose brushstrokes to create an incredibly expressive and bold artwork. It is clear to see that Emil Nolde is influenced by the works of primitive peoples as his works are simple yet largely expressive and moving in their aesth etics. Emil Nolde was seen to be very political in his time and was very outspoken with his ideals of art. He ‘attacked the scientific approach to tribal art that ignores its aesthetic potential.While â€Å"Coptic, Early Christian, Greek terracottas and vases, Persian and Islamic art† have been admitted to the canons of high art, he complains, â€Å"Chinese and Japanese art are still classified under ethnography and primitive art is ignored altogether†(Lloyd, J. 1985. pp. 46) This statement shows that the art of primitive people was yet to be considered ‘art’ by the society at that time, therefore by such well known artists as Emil Nolde and Paul Gauguin using non-European cultures as inspiration for their works would have lead to the change in attitudes towards the art of the primitive peoples.Perhaps informing people of its true artistic qualities and lending society to the idea that primitive art should indeed be considered art. Nolde was very pol itical in his manners and rejected any mixing of races, in art as well as in life. ‘The Roman Empire, he tells us, never produced art of real value since it was an amalgam of nations. To this remarkable statement he adds the following observation: ‘England – in many respects to be compared with the Roman Empire – like all Germanic people once had great art, poetry, and wonderful music.But after the immigration of Spanish Jews the country became materialistic, concerned only with power and possessions. Its interests spanned the whole world and went all directions, and what remains now is a nation almost impotent in the arts. ’ (Ettlinger, L. 1968. pp. 200) Although these were his views and opinions, Nolde was still heavily influenced by non-European cultures weaving many references to these cultures throughout his works.Paul Gauguin, like Emil Nolde, used a vast range of colours and wove a flowing feel throughout his works symbolic of the freedom and natural qualities found amongst these non-European cultures they so highly treasured. ‘The Polynesian titles he gave most of his Tahitian works were intended to represent himself to his European market, as well as his friends, as one who had wholly assimilated the native culture.In fact, and despite his lengthy residence, Gauguin never learned to speak the language, and most of his titles were either colonial pidgin or grammatically incorrect. ’ (Godeau. pp. 325) This statement by Solomon-Godeau shows that although Paul Gauguin has set out to return to his primitive ways and ‘become a savage’, he was still programmed to thinking like that of someone from the bourgeois society, unable to fully comprehend the traditions and culture of these primitive people.Gauguin’s works such as ‘Two Women on a Beach’ (1891) and ‘Merahi metua no Tehamana (Tehamana Has Many Ancestors)’ (1893) both explore this natural and pure lifestyle that Gauguin sort to find amongst the Tahitians, whilst also juxtaposing the French impression of their culture and their influence with the use of the European clothes that these women wear. Within the work ‘Two Women on a Beach’ Gauguin’s use of loose, free brushstrokes emphasises the fact that the women are close to nature, they look as though they are carved out of wood.However, these women are also seen to be out of place in their environment as their stances seem somewhat awkward and uncomfortable and the image has been cropped making it feel as though they don’t fit in the image. Both are seen to be wearing missionary dresses/European clothes and are weaving, representing the French’s view of the Tahitian women, lazy, close to nature and savage. Gauguin’s work ‘Tehamana Has Many Ancestors’, similar to that of ‘Two Women on a Beach’, depicts a girl (Tehamana) seated wearing European clothes, holding a woven fan with flowers threaded throughout her hair.Tehamana, like the women in ‘Two Women on a Beach’, also seems somewhat out of place and as though she does not fit within this image. The references to her savage lineage, through the use of the paintings on the wall behind her and the petrogliphs reinforces the fact that like many other Tahitians, Tehamana ‘had no relation to her former traditions. ’ (Godeau. pp. 326) The images of Tahitian women wearing European clothing emphasises and makes reference to the Catholic, Mormon and Calvinist missionaries that had been at work inTahiti for many years before Gauguin had travelled over to Tahiti. The authenticity that Gauguin had set out to discover had diminished, therefore ‘Gauguin did not paint Tahiti, but his Tahitian dream. ’ (Staszak, J. 2004. pp. 353) These images highlighted the fact that the Tahitian’s ‘pre-European culture had been effectively destroyed. ’ (Godeau. pp. 324) Ã¢â‚¬Ë œNot only had the indigenous religion been eradicated, but the handicrafts, barkcloth production, art of tattoo and music had equally succumbed to the interdiction of the missionaries or the penetration of European Products.The bright-coloured cloth used for clothing, bedding and curtains that Gauguin depicted was of European design and manufacture. ’ (Godeau. pp. 324) Paul Gauguin, Emil Nolde and many artists alike have been vastly influenced by the works of primitive peoples, borrowing certain aspects of their culture and art in order to gain inspiration for their own works and expand their expressive capabilities within their art works.The fact that these artists are well known for their works relating to the primitive that have drawn inspiration from non-European, ‘savage’ cultures emphasises this notion that indeed art by primitive peoples should be considered a true art form. Reference List Ettlinger, L. D. â€Å"German Expressionism and Primitive Art,â₠¬  The Burlington Magazine Vol. 110 No. 781 (1968): pp. 200, accessed May 8, 2012. http://www. jstor. org. wwwproxy0. library. unsw. edu. au/stable/pdfplus/875584. pdf? acceptTC=true Lloyd, J. â€Å"Emil Nolde's Still Lifes, 1911-1912: Modernism, Myth, and Gesture,† Anthropology and Aesthetics No. (1985): pp. 46, accessed May 8, 2012. http://www. jstor. org. wwwproxy0. library. unsw. edu. au/stable/pdfplus/20166722. pdf Harrison, C. , Wood, P. Eds. , â€Å"Emil Nolde ‘On Primitive Art’,† Art in Theory 1900-1990, 1992. Solomon-Godeau, A. â€Å"Paul Gauguin and the Invention of Primitivist Modernism,† Art in America, July 1989. (pp. 314,325,326,342) Staszak, J. F. â€Å"Primitivism and the other. History of art and cultural geography,† GeoJournal Vol. 60 No. 4 (2004): pp. 353, accessed May 8, 2012. http://www. jstor. org. wwwproxy0. library. unsw. edu. au/stable/pdfplus/41147901. pd